John Locke Research Paper Essay Example for Free

John Locke Research Paper Essay Since the beginning there have been numerous savants that affected the world. Logicians, for example, John Locke have formed todays society in various manners. John Locke was very powerful and has had probably the most enduring effects on the thoughts still right up 'til the present time. John Locke has roused an a large number of individuals all through his lifetime and molded the route for thinkers and extraordinary personalities of the ages to come. John Locke was an English savant, conceived on August 29 1632, in Somerset, England. He was naturally introduced to a Protestant family (Faiella 24). Locke’s mother kicked the bucket when he was a newborn child and he was raised by his dad John, who is said to have had an effect on Lockes sees (24). In 1652, Locke went to Christ Church College to consider medication (25). In any case, Locke found the goals and speculations of current logicians of his time more fascinating than the material he examined while at Christ Church, which prompted Locke never seeking after a profession as a specialist (25). Master Anthony Ashley Cooper searched out Lockes help to treat a liver blister; Cooper before long got intrigued with Locke and delegated Locke to be his consultant (28). Locke at that point joined the Royal. Society where he met people with whom he examined mortality and religion, which brought about the production of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Powell, Jim Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property). Locke needed to find out more and sought after a situation in which he could analyze toleration, instruction and exchange, prompting Locke and Anthony Ashley Cooper working intently together (Powell, Jim John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property). Anthony Cooper was the first Earl of Shaftesbury, and it was in the Shaftesbury family where some of Lockes most powerful thoughts woke up. Cooper helped with framing Lockes thoughts; it was inside the Shaftesbury family unit during 1671 that the gathering, which brought about the creation of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, occurred (25). Lockes fellowship with Cooper got entangled, making Locke move to Holland where he got associated with the English Rebels (Faiella 29). In the end, Locke was set on a rundown of 85 deceivers who were needed by the English government because of his works (29). During 1683, Locke utilized an assumed name, Dr. Van Der Linden, to sign letters being sent to his friends (Powell, Jim John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke was offered an exculpation offered by William Penn at the same time, Locke wouldn’t acknowledge the absolution since he accepted he didn’t effectively merit his criminal status and he remained by his convictions (Faiella 30). In 1686 while in Holland Locke was meeting with friends to talk about philosophical standards and plot to oust King James II. Locke was later expelled from the rundown of double crossers (31). After the Glorious Revolution Locke came back to England and helped draft the Toleration Act of 1689 (31). Locke had faith in numerous things as a savant, one of Lockes most realized goals was Natural Law. Locke unequivocally had confidence in Natural Law, which expressed men have regular rights which can't be given to you by rulers (Stephens, George M. John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). Locke likewise trusted in the Social Contract, which expressed that, a people good or political commitments ought to depend on an understanding so as to frame a general public (John Locke: His American Carolinian Legacy). Locke firmly accepted that individuals lived in a specific State of Nature before there was society. Locke expressed that the State of Nature was when individuals lived with no appointed authority, no laws and no discipline for their violations (Treatises on Government). Locke imagined that laws of society existed for the benefit of everyone of the populace all in all (Treatises on Government). Individuals couldn't break the implicit agreement since it would bring about bedlam (Treatises on Government). Locke likewise accepted that the administration existed to help the necessities of the individuals and on the off chance that it ought not satisfy its business to the individuals, individuals reserved the option to oust the administration (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke accepted that without a greater part rule the implicit agreement wouldn’t work (John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). Along these lines, Locke composed An Essay Concerning Human Understanding which depended on his convictions and encounters (Powell, Jim. John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke additionally composed a Letter Concerning Toleration, which examined a thought of strict toleration for everybody aside from Atheists and Catholics. (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke accepted instruction is for freedom and that individuals learn by models and this is the manner in which society ought to learn (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke likewise battled for opportunity of the press and restricted the restoration of the represent guideline of printing (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Unmistakably, John Locke had a major effect all through the world, despite the fact that during his time he was seen as a criminal for a portion of his thoughts. Locke incited upheavals in Europe, Latin America, and in Asia (Powell, Jim. John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). John Locke affected the Declaration of the Rights of Men, in 1789 while in France, which perceived property rights. (Stephens, George M. John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). Locke likewise impacted Montesquieus convictions with respect to the partition of forces (Powell, Jim. John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Additionally one of Lockes most noteworthy impacts was his help with moving the French Revolution (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). John Locke impacted the United States in various manners. For instance, Locke’s Second Treatise Concerning Civil Government roused the American Revolution (Powell, Jim. John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property). Likewise, In the Declaration of Independence it states how King George damaged his agreement with the pioneer, which was impacted by Lockes thoughts (Stephens, George M. John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). The Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution talks about property rights, which was likewise propelled by John Locke (John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). In the constitution the authoritative branch has more force than a solitary authority yet has no veto power, another perfect of Locke (John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). All in all, John Locke enlivened numerous individuals since forever with his solid convictions and goals. Locke was condemned and needed for his convictions. Locke’s thoughts have impacted not just England or the United States of America, however have brought about an adjustment on the planet. Locke propelled individuals of his time, and actualized enduring thoughts and changes in the administration, and Locke enlivened different scholars. Savants like Locke have utilized Lockes thoughts as an establishment to additionally form the world we live in, and shape social orders. John Locke has had an enduring effect and his thoughts will keep on affecting the world. Works Cited Faiella, Graham. †John Locke: His Life† John Locke:Champion of Modern Democracy New York: Rosen Group, 2005. 24-31. Print. Locke, John. Two Treatises on Government. 1690. Print. Powell,Jim â€Å"Jim Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property† The Freeman. Establishment for Economic Education. 1 August 1996. Web. 6 October 2014. Stephens, George M. â€Å"John Locke: His American and Carolinian inheritance. † John Locke Foundation. N. D. Web. 2 October 2014.

Gypsies in the Holocaust - Forgotten Victims

Wanderers in the Holocaust - Forgotten Victims The Gypsies of Europe were enlisted, cleaned, ghettoized, and afterward extradited to fixation and concentration camps by the Nazis previously and during World War II. Around 250,000 to 500,000 Gypsies were killed during the Holocaust-an occasion they call the Porajmos (the Devouring.) A Short History Roughly a thousand years back, a few gatherings of individuals relocated from northern India, scattering all through Europe throughout the following a few centuries. In spite of the fact that these individuals were a piece of a few clans (the biggest of which are the Sinti and Roma), the settled people groups called them by an aggregate name, Gypsies-which originates from the one-time conviction that they had originated from Egypt. Migrant, darker looking, non-Christian, communicating in an unknown dialect (Romani), not attached to the land-Gypsies were altogether different from the settled people groups of Europe. False impressions of Gypsy culture made doubts and fears, which thusly prompted uncontrolled hypothesis, generalizations, and one-sided stories. Huge numbers of these generalizations and stories are still promptly accepted. All through the next hundreds of years, non-Gypsies (Gaje) constantly attempted to either absorb Gypsies or execute them. Endeavors to absorb Gypsies included taking their youngsters and putting them with different families; giving them steers and feed, anticipating that them should become ranchers; banning their traditions, language, and apparel just as driving them to go to class and church. Pronouncements, laws, and orders regularly permitted the slaughtering of Gypsies. In 1725 King Frederick William I of Prussia requested all Gypsies more than 18 years of age to be hanged. An act of Gypsy chasing was normal a game chase like fox chasing. Indeed, even as late as 1835, a Gypsy chase in Jutland (Denmark) got a sack of more than 260 men, ladies, and youngsters, compose Donald Kenrick and Grattan Puxon. Despite the fact that Gypsies had experienced hundreds of years of such abuse, it remained moderately arbitrary and irregular until the twentieth century when the negative generalizations turned out to be naturally formed into a racial character, and the Gypsies were methodicallly butchered. Under the Third Reich The oppression of Gypsies began at the absolute starting point of the Third Reich. Wanderers were captured and interned in death camps just as sanitized under the July 1933 Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring. In the first place, Gypsies were not explicitly named as a gathering that compromised the Aryan, German individuals. This was on the grounds that, under Nazi racial belief system, Gypsies were Aryans. The Nazis had an issue: How might they be able to mistreat a gathering wrapped in negative generalizations however probably part of the Aryan super race? Nazi racial specialists in the long run happened upon a supposed logical motivation to abuse the majority of the Gypsies. They discovered their answer in Professor Hans F. K. Gã ¼nthers book Rassenkunde Europas (Anthropology of Europe) where he composed: The Gypsies have in fact held a few components from their Nordic home, however they are slid from the least classes of the populace in that area. Over the span of their relocations, they have retained the blood of the encompassing people groups, and have in this manner become an Oriental, western-Asiatic racial blend, with an expansion of Indian, mid-Asiatic, and European strains. Their itinerant method of living is a consequence of this blend. The Gypsies will for the most part influence Europe as outsiders. With this conviction, the Nazis expected to figure out who was unadulterated Gypsy and who was blended. Along these lines, in 1936, the Nazis set up the Racial Hygiene and Population Biology Research Unit, with Dr. Robert Ritter at its head, to examine the Gypsy issue and to make proposals for Nazi arrangement. Likewise with the Jews, the Nazis expected to figure out who was to be viewed as a Gypsy. Dr. Ritter concluded that somebody could be viewed as a Gypsy in the event that they had a couple of Gypsies among his grandparents or if at least two of his grandparents are part-Gypsies. Kenrick and Puxon fault Dr. Ritter for the extra 18,000 German Gypsies who were slaughtered in view of this increasingly comprehensive assignment, as opposed to if similar guidelines had been followed as were applied to Jews, who had have three or four Jewish grandparents to be viewed as Jews. To examine Gypsies, Dr. Ritter, his colleague Eva Justin, and his exploration group visited the Gypsy inhumane imprisonments (Zigeunerlagers) and inspected a huge number of Gypsies-archiving, enlisting, meeting, capturing, lastly ordering them. It was from this examination that Dr. Ritter figured that 90% of Gypsies were of blended blood, in this manner hazardous. Having set up a logical motivation to aggrieve 90% of the Gypsies, the Nazis expected to choose how to manage the other 10%-the ones who were traveling and seemed to have minimal number of Aryan characteristics. Now and again Interior Minister Heinrich Himmler talked about letting the unadulterated Gypsies wander generally uninhibitedly and furthermore recommended an exceptional booking for them. Assumably as a component of one of these conceivable outcomes, nine Gypsy agents were chosen in October 1942 and advised to make arrangements of Sinti and Lalleri to be spared. There more likely than not been disarray inside the Nazi initiative. Many needed all Gypsies murdered, without any special cases. On December 3, 1942, Martin Bormannâ wrote in a letter to Himmler: ... extraordinary treatment would mean an essential deviation from the concurrent measures for battling the Gypsy threat and would not be comprehended at all by the populace and lower pioneers of the gathering. Additionally the Fã ¼hrer would not consent to giving one area of the Gypsies their old opportunity. In spite of the fact that the Nazis didn't find a logical motivation to murder the 10% of Gypsies classified as unadulterated, no qualifications made when Gypsies were requested to Auschwitz or expelled to the next concentration camps. Before the finish of the war, an expected 250,000 to 500,000 Gypsies were killed in the Porajmos-executing roughly three-fourths of the German Gypsies and half of the Austrian Gypsies. For a diagram of all that happened to the Gypsies during the Third Reich, there is aâ timelineâ to help layout the procedure from Aryan to obliteration. Sources Friedman, Philip. The Extermination of the Gypsies: Nazi Genocide of an Aryan People. Roads to Extinction: Essays on the Holocaust, Ed. Ada June Friedman. Jewish Publication Society of America, 1980, New York.ï » ¿Kenrick, Donald and Puxon, Grattan. The Destiny of Europes Gypsies. Essential Books, 1972, New York.

Chemical Engineer Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips

Chemical Engineer Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips Whether we like chemistry or not, it is all around us. It is an inevitable part of our lives and incorporates every aspect of what we consume and do.Sometimes we are aware, and at other times we are not, but we use our knowledge of chemistry, be it vast or not, to make daily decisions.Here are some examples of how this scientific field influences our lives, that we are often not conscious of.When we are thirsty or crave a certain type of food, our bodies actually need a specific chemical element to improve their current state.When we feel an emotion, any emotion, that is the body producing certain hormones, which are actually chemical structures.When we wash our hands or have a shower, the chemicals used for making soaps and shower gels get rid of the dirt.We choose cosmetic products because of their influence on our skin, which is also achieved by mixing specific chemical substances in a particular ratio.These are just some examples of how chemistry is an important part of everyoneâ €™s day-to-day life. It can improve our health or be detrimental to it.Hence, it is very important for every person on our planet that the people who make decisions related to chemistry, in any industry from food and pharmacy to cosmetics and agriculture.You can see that any line of work that involves the knowledge and use of chemistry is very important, let us even say vital for the wellbeing of the people who use the products.Every employer who needs a chemical engineer for their company will choose the one who seems the most professional and knowledgeable.Chemical engineers can work in a vast number of industries, the most common being energy, water, food, and pharmaceutical sectors.Most of these jobs belong to one of the following two groups:the design, manufacture, and operation of machinery and plants, orthe development of substances and materials.If you have a degree and want to land a job as a chemical engineer, the first step is to write a good resume. It should stand out a mong a multitude of other applicants.It should catch the hiring manager’s eye. It should be clear and concise to the end. It should be relevant to the position you are applying for.We will walk you through the steps to achieving a perfect chemical engineer resume that will impress your desired employer.For a great resume template, you can use our resume builder and take your mind off the tedious job of organizing the margins, sections, and other technical aspects of writing it.You will be able to focus your attention on the important part â€" making your professional self attractive for employment.In the continuation, we will present two exemplary resumes â€" you will be able to see what yours should look like and get the basic idea about it.Afterward, we will guide you through each section, giving you useful and practical advice on how to make each section the best.Chemical Process Engineer Resume Example Right Chemical Engineer Resume Example Right Create your own resumeHERE IS WHAT YOU SHOULD INCLUDE IN THE PERSONAL INFO SECTION OF YOUR RESUMEAt first sight, this section seems quite simple to write.However, if you take a deeper look, you may catch yourself analyzing a bunch of information, not being able to make out whether you should include them in your resume or not.So, how should you decide what is suitable to be included in a chemical engineer resume, and what should be excluded from it?The answer is quite simple actually. Put yourself in the hiring manager’s shoes and think about which pieces of information would be really useful for them.Remember that they probably have many resumes to look at and that they do not have time to waste on going through the useless details about any candidate.Thus, exclude everything that is of no meaning for your potential employer.Let us take a look at which personal information is significant for a person who is looking to employ a new chemical engineer:Full nameOf course, the employe r wants to know your first and last name. However, in order for you to present yourself in the best light, you should bear in mind that no nicknames are acceptable.You should use your full name both in your resume and when you introduce yourself at an interview.Douglas Lahr RightDouglas ‘TripleDunk’ Lahr or Dougie Lahr WrongProfessionIt is good to enter your current title, or the last position you worked at.This will give the hiring manager an idea about what you may be able to do in the company.You should definitely choose the title that suits your desired job best.PhotoSome jobs (a model, for example) require the candidates to include a photo in their resume. But for you as a chemical engineer, it is an optional item.In some countries, it is not a usual practice to include a photo, in other it is.Similarly, some people have the habit of adding it to their resume, others do not.If you decide to include it, you should remember that it needs to be a serious business photo. You should avoid informal photos. Here are some tips to follow when you choose it:Photo instructionsSingle-color backgroundBusiness attire, serious or slightly smiling faceWell-groomed beard and/or mustache (for men)Enough make-up to look elegant (for women)Tidy hairStraight pose RightPhoto instructionsColorful backgroundInformal clothes, wigs, masks, grimaceMessy beard and/or mustacheToo much make-up (or no make-up if you look tired or sleepy)Messy hairBent or twisted pose WrongAddressThough you may think that this is not a really important item for you as a chemical engineer, we want to assure you that it is quite significant.For example, if you are applying to work in a factory that is far from the residential area where you live, the employer may pay for your commute or have organized transport.Also, if they have a branch that is closer to your residence, you may have the chance to get a job closer to your home. So, do not omit this information from your resume.Phone numberTelepho ne calls are a usual way of communication in any industry and level of the business hierarchy.So logically, you should not only include your phone number but check it thoroughly to be sure that you have written it correctly.You do not want to lose a good opportunity because of a small mistake such as a wrongly written phone number!Email addressIn the same way as phone numbers, emails are a common manner of business communication. So, write your email address carefully and double-check it, especially if you have dots, underlines, or hyphens.One more thing to have in mind in relation to this item is the address itself.In the same way as your name, your email address should present you as a serious job-seeking engineer.You should not use the funny address you use for contacting your friends. It should include your first and last name ideally.douglas.lahr@yahoo.com Rightdougie.3pledunk@yahoo.com WrongSocial media profile(s)Social media has become very popular nowadays.However, a hirin g manager seeking a good chemical engineer does not want to look at your Facebook or Instagram profiles where they can see funny posts or your pictures from the previous vacation or your cousin’s wedding.For some professions, these are important to be included.For a chemical engineer, though, they are not. Still, if you choose to include them, make sure that only the appropriate content is displayed.Let us repeat once again, your private life should not be a part of your resume.One social media profile that is acceptable and appropriate for you to include is LinkedIn.This is a social media website aimed at professional people seeking or offering jobs.This can also be scanned as a part of your resume, so make sure that the same pieces of information are found on your LinkedIn profile and your resume.HOW TO WRITE A PERFECT RESUME SUMMARY THAT WILL IMPRESS THE HIRING MANAGERSA summary is the part of a resume that the hiring manager is most likely to read first.This is why you should perfect it before submitting your resume.Here are some of the most important features of a good summary:It is not long, but not too short either. It should have four to five sentences.It highlights the strongest skills and achievements of the candidate. The information is aimed at showing the experience and skills that match the job requirements.It is simple to read and does not have many repeated words.SummaryChemical engineer with 6 years of experience in the field. Has proficient knowledge of the chemical aspect of constructing printed circuit boards and a strong working knowledge of maintaining the health of rivers in relation to waste and toxic waste often poured in. Capable of safety and efficiently organizing industrial processes and retaining compliance with the national environmental standards. Excellent communication skills, calm and perceptive in stressful situations. RightSummaryAn experienced chemical engineer who worked for more than 6 years. WrongIt is an excellent practice to include the achievements and skills that are closely related to your professional field, i.e. chemical engineering. Phrases like ‘chemical aspect’, ‘toxic waste’, ‘industrial processes’ are a great way for you to show your expertise in the field.The information that you put into the summary can (and should) be repeated in the rest of the resume.We advise you to write the rest of the resume first, then to take a good look at it comparing it with the description of the job you are applying for.Then write a summary that connects the two and emphasizes how your skills from the resume connect with what is required of the candidate for the position.WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO SHOWCASE YOUR PREVIOUS WORK EXPERIENCE? Previous work experience is very important for employers.The essential reason behind this is the presentation of skills and achievements that you have gained in your previous post.If you have worked somewhere unrelated to chemical engineering, you may mentio n this job, but try to connect your responsibilities or knowledge with your desired job.Now, the way you present your past jobs is vital for your future employer. Writing just the basic information â€" time, company, your position, is not enough.The hiring manager cannot make out anything about you besides the sole fact that you worked somewhere.What you actually want to do is add the most important responsibilities, achievements, and skills obtained at that position.It goes without saying that these should be connected with your desired job and show that your previous experience has prepared you for your next job post. The most convenient and visible way is to use bullets for this.The first job on this list should be the last job you had. Following is the one before the last job, and so on. This is called the reverse-chronological order.Take a look at a good and bad way of writing the Work Experience section of your resume. Right WrongA COMPLETE GUIDE ON WRITING THE EDUCATION SECTION OF YOUR RESUME As a chemical engineer, you must have a college degree. Certainly, it is very important to include this degree in your resume. And any other school or certificate that you have, and that relates to the job you are applying for.The tips on writing the education section of your chemical engineer resume are quite similar, if not completely the same as those for writing the experience section.You should use the reverse-chronological order and omit the items that are not very important or connected with the job in question.For example, if you went to the musical school, there is no need to include this as it is totally irrelevant for your desired position as a chemical engineer in a company.Also, if you have many items to list here and you also have had many jobs in the field, feel free to write just the college degree and showcase your skills through the practical work experience.Write the highest education first, as it is the most important.Just as for any previous job experience, it is not enough to just list the schools and times â€" for each of them, you should make a short list of rewards, accomplishments, or even an excellent GPA score.You want to show how active you were in the field of chemistry even when you were studying it.Take a look at the examples of a good and bad Education Section in the following table: Right WrongWHAT SKILLS DO EMPLOYERS SEEK IN A PERFECT CHEMICAL ENGINEER?The purpose of a resume is for you to showcase your experience and skills that make you a good candidate for the position of a chemical engineer in a company of your choice.The part of the resume where you write your skills is, therefore, a very important one.We will present here some of the skills that the hiring managers expect to see in a good resume.However, remember that you should not incorporate all these skills or all the ones you find online, but those that you really have and that you can exemplify if you are called for an interview and show if you get the job.In the continuation, you will see an extensive list of skills and knowledge that are related to the job of a chemical engineer and that you can add to your resume.Do not forget to choose the ones that present you in the best way and do not write the things you cannot justify.SkillsHere you will see a list of skills that are applicable to the role of a chemical engineer.Skills related to science:ScienceMathematicsActive LearningTechnology Design RightSkills related to evaluation and making decisions:Critical ThinkingComplex Problem SolvingJudgment and Decision MakingSystems AnalysisOperations AnalysisSystems EvaluationTroubleshootingOperation MonitoringQuality Control Analysis RightSkills related to communication:SpeakingWritingActive ListeningTime ManagementCoordinationPersuasionSocial PerceptivenessInstructingManagement of Personnel ResourcesNegotiationService OrientationManagement of Financial ResourcesManagement of Material Resources RightKnowledgeLook at the list of things you as a chemical engineer should know in order to be a good candidate for the job of your dreams. Note that you do not need to know all of the below.Some types of knowledge are specific for certain positions, others, such as chemistry, mathematics, or engineering, are general and a candidate is expected to have them.Knowledge in Skill SectionEngineerin g and TechnologyChemistryMathematicsPhysicsProduction and ProcessingDesignComputers and ElectronicsAdministration and ManagementMechanical KnowledgePublic Safety and SecurityEducation and TrainingBiologyCustomer and Personal ServiceLaw and GovernmentEconomics and AccountingSales and Marketing RightStyles of WorkAs various positions that a chemical engineer may occupy, you should be aware of different work-related characteristics you may need in order to be a good employee.Based on the job description and your own preferences, you may choose some of the following for your Skills Section:Styles of Work in Skills SectionAnalytical ThinkingDependabilityAttention to DetailIntegrityPersistenceInitiativeAdaptability/FlexibilityCooperationInnovationLeadershipStress ToleranceSelf ControlIndependenceConcern for OthersSocial Orientation RightCONCLUSIONAfter reading our guide, you can see that it is not so hard to write a good chemical engineer resume.You should just follow the guidelines and you will write a resume that will impress the hiring manager of the company where you want to work.Just have in mind what your greatest achievements and strengths are and make them stand out.To let you focus on that aspect (the most important one) of writing a resume, we have created a resume builder.Use it and you will not have to worry about the form of your resume â€" your task will be to just fill in the blanks.After a good preparation like this, we are sure that you will land the job of your dreams and have a great career!So dive in and chase your dreams! We wish you a wonderful journey! Create your own resume

The Business Internet. The Internet Is Constantly Developing.

The Business Internet The Internet is constantly developing. From four computers back in the early 70 s to an uncountable number today, the Internet has extreme power and has changed the world. In recent years, Internet growth has been expanding more rapidly than the government can understand. The laws and regulations of a month ago are no longer useful today. The government either has to move quicker in deciding outcomes pertaining to the Internet or has to give up control entirely. Businesses are making large technological advances that involve the Internet and are being held up by government decisions. Commercialization of the Internet brings in new technologies that are essential to growth. The original Internet was not called the†¦show more content†¦Their savior was found in the ARPAnet, which now encompassed ALOHAnet and SATnet. The military and the ARPAnet, however, did not agree with what type of protocol to use. Instead of them sitting down and figuring out which protocol to use, the military forced ARPAnet to change and to use the IP protocol (Abbate 133-134). All of these developments in the field of computing continued to grow. As the Personal Computer was born, regular old people started to find the Internet useful to them. Online services such as America Online, Prodigy, and CompuServe started to control Internet services to the home user (Abbate 203). As Internet needs continued to grow, more ISPs, Internet Service Providers, popped up. Currently there are a countless number of ISPs, but people want more (Brown 2). In order to meet these needs, different types of Internet services were born. Some services, called Bulletin Board Services, are not directly connected to the Internet. These servers are just local computers in the area that just require a phone call in order to be used. Ways to use Bulletin Board Services are endless as long as the software on the server supports it. 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This has profoundly changed the economics, markets and industry structure, products and services and their flow. The consumer segmentation, values and behavior has been shifting constantly due to new technological advances in electronic commerce and mobile commerce. E-commerce has given consumers cheaper products and services, instantRead MoreHorizontal And Vertical Integration For A Profitable Business Model1251 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunities in support of building a profitable business model. These strategies can leverage vertical and/or horizontal integration of new business entities. These entities are designed to help with growing market share, increasing efficiencies and/or reducing costs. Online business using the internet has experienced significant growth over the last two decades. According to the Internet World Stats (2014) the number of worldwide internet users has grown from an estimated 16 million in 1995

freeclo Violence and Free Will in Anthony Burgess A...

Violence as an Expression of Free Will in A Clockwork Orange This essay will deal with the subject of free choice, which is the main topic of the novel, A Clockwork Orange . This significant problem is already indicated in the very first line of the text when an unknown voice asks Alex - and certainly by that the reader - What s it going to be then, eh? (13). Being repeated at the beginning of the second part and at the beginning of the very last chapter of the third part this question sets up the thematic frame of the book. It asks the protagonist what he is going to chose, good or evil. Likewise it addresses to the reader to consider his own choice, too (14). Anthony Burgess is intensely committed to this†¦show more content†¦A similar method of characterization is applied to Alex antagonist, the free-thinker F. Alexander. Though he is generally a charming person, fighting against the nasty government, he changes into a furious, revengeful old man as he finally recognizes Alex. With this kind of characterization Burgess takes away over plus sympathy for F. Alexander and unmasks him as a traitor of his own ideals .Mr. Alexanders complacent and blasà © style of writing makes his ambitions somehow suspect (16). So does his behaviour as he recognizes Alex. He promptly seems to forget his charity for mankind and the victims of supreme power (17). As we now know that Alex and F. Alexander are the principal heterogeneous pairing of the novel, we see that they hold different ethical and moral attitudes. Yet it is impossible to divide them up into good and evil. Both of them carry features of a benefactor, respectively a malefactor. Thereby the story achieves authenticity as the characters correspond closer to real human nature. Besides, this character constellation expresses the general relation of good and evil in the world and our possibility to make a choice between them. This is demonstrated by the similar names of

The Opening Free Essays

It is named Al-Fatihah, the Opening – in light of the fact that it opens the Book and by it the recitation in supplication starts. It is additionally named Umm al-Qur’an, the Mother of the Qur’an, and Umm al-Kitab, the Mother of the Book in light of the way that the noteworthiness of the whole Qur’an is outlined in that. It is in like way named Sab’ul-Mathani, (the Seven Often Repeated Verses), Al-Hamd, (the Praise), Al-Shifa (The Cure) and Ar-Ruqya, the Spiritual Cure. We will write a custom essay sample on The Opening or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its recitation is a condition for the reasonableness of the demand. It is the Mecci Surah of the Holy Quran, which construes that it was found on the Prophet of God while He was in Makkah, i.e. before movement to Madina. It was at first the fifth part to be revealed yet after Furqan e Hameed was assembled, it was put toward the start. Al-Fatiha itself infers â€Å"The Opening† as this territory comes content with beginning of the Holy Book and fills in as a Gateway to look at Quran Majeed further. In addition, it in like way fills in as the beginning of Salah. It in like way has the pleasure of being the standard Surah that is made known totally. Disregarding the way that it includes 7 Ayats just, yet despite it explains the Veneration of the Almighty in an incredibly comprehensive way and also is a sensational system for supplication of advancing toward Allah for keeping one on the correct way. THEME: Allah has instructed in this Surah to mankind to offer supplication to Him, who is the Lord of this universe before chasing down course and Who alone can permit it. The reader should have a firm conviction that the Creator of the universe is the wellspring of all data and the examination of Quran can give him guidance. Islam requires a man to start everything with the name of Allah. By doing this he will keep himself a long way from questionable and wrong deeds. By then there is offered to of Allah Who is Master, Owner, Sustainer, Provider, Guardian, Sovereign, Ruler, Administrator and Organizer. By then it is consolidated that He is the Master of the Day of Judgment, in this way, everyone is responsible for his deeds. Humankind is only admirer of the Lord and thusly, mankind is requesting bearing in each walk around life. The course which make mankind positive is required. The individual will’s character off track will continue on through the savagery of Allah (SWT)VIRTUES: There are many virtues related to this Surah.Hazrat Abu Saeed al-Khudri narrates: â€Å"While on a journey we finished at a place. A young woman came to us and expressed: â€Å"The leader of this group has been stung by a scorpion and our men are truant, is there anybody among you who can recite something upon him to treat him?† Then, one of our men obliged her in spite of the way that we didn’t deduce that he knew any such treatment. In any case, our sidekick went to the manager and examined something upon him and the supervisor was cured. Instantly, the manager gave him thirty sheep and gave each one of us deplete to drink. When he returned, we asked our buddy: â€Å"Did you know anything to introduce upon him to cure him?† He expressed: â€Å"No, I just talked about Umm al-Kitab (i.e. Surah al-Fatiha) upon him.† We said that don’t do anything until the point that the moment that we accomplish Madinah and ask the Prophet as for this (sharpen and reward whether the sheep were lawful or not for us). In the wake of accomplishing Madinah, we depicted this to the Prophet (PBUH), whereupon he remarked: â€Å"How might he come to understand that Al-Fatiha can be used as a cure? (PBUH) Distribute your reward among yourselves and a ton an offer for me likewise†.† (Sahih Bukhari) TAFSEER OF SURAH AL-FATIAH:In the Name of Allah The main ayah of Surah Fatiha is: For the sake of Allah, the Beneficent, the Most Merciful. (Al-Fatiha: 1) This expression is known as the bismillah. It regards recount it before doing any activity. The Meaning of the letter Baa The Baa in the Arabic dialect can have three distinct implications: With – With/for the sake of Allah Seeking help – Seeking help of the name of Allah Seeking favoring – Seeking favoring with the name of Allah The Meaning of al-Rahman and al-Raheem Both these names are gotten from a similar root letters: raa, haa, meem; which intends to show kindness. They are in this way comparable in importance and both are associated with Allah’s (SWT) Mercy. The way that Allah (SWT) notices two of His Names which show to do with Mercy, instead of Might and Power or so on, demonstrates exactly how essential this Attribute is. The distinction between al-Rahman and al-Raheem is that al-Rahman alludes to Allah’s (SWT) Mercy to all of creation. It is His Mercy which is stretched out to the two adherents and doubters; creatures, and everything that exists. He says in the Qur’an: My Mercy envelops all things. (Al-A’raf: 156) Al-Rahman in this manner shows the outrageous boundlessness of Allah’s (SWT) Mercy. It is said in a hadith that Allah (SWT) isolated Mercy into 100 sections and sent down just a single part to this dunya. It is from this one a player in His Mercy that creatures indicate kindness to their posterity (Sahih Muslim). Al-Raheem alludes to Allah’s (SWT) Mercy which is particular for the devotees. He says in the Qur’an: Also, He is Full of Mercy to the Believers. (al-Ahzab: 43) Al-Raheem in this way demonstrates the doing of an activity. All Praise is because of Allah The second ayah is: All acclaim be to Allah, the Lord of the considerable number of universes. (Al-Fatiha: 2) The Meaning of Hamd and the Difference amongst Hamd and Shukr Hamd implies applaud and furthermore appreciation. The researchers contrasted with regards to the connection between the words hamd and shukr. Some said that they both have a similar importance. In this way, the significance of hamd, in their view, is the same as shukr (appreciation, appreciation). Hamd is something which must be finished with adoration and veneration, however shukr does not require this. Shukr is helped in light of out which is done to a man however hamd is done basically on the grounds that the one being lauded and said thanks to is deserving of that. The Meaning of Rabb Rabb is normally deciphered as Lord yet it is significantly more including than that. It likewise incorporates the importance of Nurturer, Sustainer, Cherisher et cetera. The Rabb is the maker, ruler, ace and the person who controls everything. It originates from the root letters raa, baa, baa: which intends to have dominance and control over something. The Meaning of ‘Aalameen A portion of the contrasting perspectives about it are that it alludes to: 1-Everything which exists other than Allah ta’aalaa 2-Mankind and the jinn 3-Those things which have an insightfulness, and they are four: humankind, jinn, holy messengers, and fiends 4-Those things which have souls The best view is the first, the confirmation being ayah 23 and 24 of Surah Shu’ara. (23) Said Pharaoh, â€Å"And what is the Lord of the universes?† (24) [Moses] stated, â€Å"The Lord of the sky and earth and that between them, on the off chance that you ought to be persuaded.† The Beneficent, The Most Merciful The third ayah is: The Beneficent, The Most Merciful. (Al-Fatiha: 3) The clarification of these two names has just been given. Why at that point is it rehashed? This is to by and by accentuation the significance of the nature of leniency. Likewise, when something is rehashed in the Qur’an, at that point you should take a gander at the ayah before it and after it, to perceive how they are connected. For this situation, the past ayah specified that Allah (SWT) is the Rabb of the considerable number of universes. In this way, His rehashing the words, al-Rahman al-Raheem from that point forward, demonstrates to us that His being the Rabb – His taking of and supporting and accommodating us – is all piece of His Mercy towards us. Ace of the Day of Reward The fourth ayah is: The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense. (Al-Fatiha: 3) The Meaning of Maalik: The principal expression of this ayah can be discussed in two courses: either as â€Å"Maalik† (with a madd after the meem) or as â€Å"Malik† (without the madd). Maalik implies ace, and it alludes to â€Å"drain† – the responsibility for. Malik implies ruler, and it alludes to â€Å"mulk† – the domain of a man. God is the Lord of the Day when all ages of humanity assemble on request to render a record of their lead, and when every individual will be at long last remunerated or rebuffed for his deeds. The portrayal of God as Lord of the Day of Judgment following the say of his generosity and sympathy demonstrates that we should recollect another part of God too to be specific, that He will judge all of us, that He is so totally intense, that on the Day of Judgment nobody will have the power either to oppose the requirement of disciplines that He declares or to keep anybody from getting the prizes that He chooses to give. Consequently, we should not exclusively to love Him for supporting and managing us and for His sympathy and kindness towards us, however ought to likewise hold Him in amazement on account of His equity, and ought not overlook that our definitive bliss or hopelessness rests totally with Him. You (Alone) We Worship The fifth ayah is: (Only you) we love and (only you) we request help. (Al-Fatiha: 5) Now, there is a move in the Surah from educating us about Allah (SWT) and commending Him, to tending to Him.†We revere† implies we comply. Love is dutifulness and self-humbling. It intends to lower yourself before Allah (SWT) and to submit to His Will. Apparently it is self-dishonor, however actually, it is eminence and beautification. The ayah certifies the Lordship of Allah and asserts that love is because of Him. â€Å"Iyyaaka nasta’een† implies we look for help, support and achievement. As a rule, in many sentences the verb starts things out and after that the protest; yet in this ayah the question of the verb is specified first and after that the verb. So why would that be? It is with a specific end goal to append significance to it, to Allah (SWT). It likewise alludes the status of the slave and his love which is bring down so it will come in the wake of specifying the Lord, Allah (SWT). Guide us on the Straight Path The 6th ayah is: Guide us on the Straight Path. (Al-Fatiha: 5) This ayah is a dua which we make to Allah (SWT). We request that he demonstrate to us the Straight Path and to direct us on it, with the goal that we will get His Guidance which moves us nearer and closer to Him. We have to battle towards Allah (SWT) by doing great deeds and by avoiding every single terrible deed which will separate us from Him. The Meaning of Siraat Siraat is a street or a way. Be that as it may, there are sure conditions which it needs to satisfy keeping in mind the end goal to be a siraat else it would be called something unique, for example, tareeq or sabeel which additionally mean a street. The conditions are that it must be straight. It must achieve the objective and it must be the most limited course to arrive. It should likewise be wide and sufficiently roomy for everybody who needs to movement it. The Meaning of MustaqeemMustaqeem is gotten from istaqaama, which intends to be straight, upright, amend. We as of now said that for a street to be a sirat it must be straight, so this modifier of mustaqeem again accentuation the straightness of this Path. Another significance of mustaqeem is to stay firm or to stand firm without tilting. For instance, a tree that is solidly grounded when the breeze passes up it. Along these lines, the Straight Path is a way on which individuals are immovably grounded. The Path of Those The seventh and last ayah is: The way of those you have favored, not of those with outrage on them, nor of the individuals who are off track. (Al-Fatiha: 7) Who are the general population who have been honored by Allah (SWT) and whose Path we request to manual for? This is clarified by Allah (SWT) in another ayah where He says: Whosoever obeys Allah, and the Messenger, they are with those whom Allah has favored, the Prophets, the earnest, the saints and the equitable, and these are the best organization. (Al-Nisa’: 69) In this way, the favored and favored individuals are the Prophets, the equitable, the saints and the devout. What’s more, who are the general population with outrage on them and the individuals who are off track? This is clarified by the Prophet. ‘Adi ibn Hatim (RA) got some information about those with outrage on them and he answered that it alludes to the Jews. He at that point got some information about the individuals who are off track and he answered that it alludes to the Christians. This is accounted for by al-Tirmidhi and is credible.Effect on the life of a Muslim1-Forgoing gaining His dismay and endeavouring to acquire his supportIn a Hadith described by Companion Abu-Sa’ad (RA), a section read: â€Å"I will instruct a Surah which is the best Surah in the Quran before you leave the Masjid†. At that point he grabbed hold of my hand and when he planned to leave [the Masjid], I asked him, â€Å"Did you not state that you would show me a Surah which is the best Surah in the Qur’an?† He answered, â€Å"Yes. It is [the Surah initiating with], ‘All acclaim and thanks are because of Allah’. It is the Seven Oft-Repeated verses and the Great Qur’an that has been given to me.† 2.The regularly adoring, consistently managing nature of God The petition incorporated into the part is routed to God following the revelation by the devotee that he looks for assistance from nobody else however God. This equitable indicates the hugeness of the idea that, God alone is the turner of fortunes, the reliever of agony and the planner of predeterminations. Along these lines, an adherent ought to dependably swing to God for help as no one but He can change things around for him. This idea helps the devotee to enjoy supplication for his improvement. 3.Have confidence in God’s Mercy The verses of this section incorporate a stressed specify of God’s kindness. It expands the psyche of an adherent to realize that God is dependably there to hear us out, excuse us and better our lives. This general concept gives the devotee an extreme shelter; the asylum of God’s unfathomable kindness. It’s that place of refuge you can simply swing to if your expectation is honorable and confidence is clear. 4.Affirmation of God’s characteristics The verses say God’s lordship over the world and the great beyond. It passes on the adherent a basic thought that whatever lies in this world is made, kept up and directed by God alone and whatever lies past and after this world; the great beyond, is likewise represented by God in totality. This sets being an unassuming hireling of God and partner all acclaim because of Him. How to cite The Opening, Papers The Opening Free Essays â€Å"In The Name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful.† â€Å"(All) praise is (only) Allah’s, the Lord of the Worlds.† â€Å"The Beneficent, The Merciful. We will write a custom essay sample on The Opening or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Master of the Day of Judgement.† â€Å"Thee (alone) do we worship and of Thee (only) do we seek help.† â€Å"Guide us (O’ Lord) on the Straight Path.† â€Å"The path of those upon whom Thou hast bestowed Thy bounties, not (the path) of those inflicted with Thy wrath, nor (of those) gone astray. â€Å"The Opening (Surah e Fatiha) has a different opening tone as compared to other surahs, its tone is extraordinary and has a particular style which is clearly different from others. The others surah of Quran includes commands for the mankind from Allah, whereas Surah e Fatiha is a way for the mankind to speak and communicate to their creator Allah Almighty without any mediator.It is a Mecci surah of Quran which means it was discovered by Prophet PBUH when he was in Makkah. It is kept at the the beginning of Quran and serves as a gateway to read the Holy Quran. It consists of 7 surahs and it is also a way to salah.Theme:Surah e Fatiha is described as the Mother of the Quran and the Seven oft-repeated verses. It describes the basic tenets of Islam, belief in Allah, the Prophet Muhammad PBUH and the purification of the soul and character. In many ways, Surah e Fatiha is a summary of the main themes of the Qur’an. The scholars have mentioned that the Qur’an is broadly divided into 3 main themes. Number one the Quran speaks about Allah, number two about the Prophets and past nations, and number three about the halal and haram. Allah: In the first three verses of the surah Allah Almighty tells about the very first principle that is to know Allah about His creation, His power, His attributes, His names. It gives us the message of Tauheed. It tells us that Allah is the most merciful and most beneficent and that He is the owner of the day of Judgement. Prophet:In the next verses of Surah, the second principle is described. It tells us to follow the Prophet PBUH his sacrifices, his life, his way of living, his character. It tells us to follow the straight path, the path of Prophet Muhammad PBUH to follow his Sunnah. And that he is the best example to follow. Halal and Haram:After following the first two principles a person heart becomes pure and it allows a person to do only those things that Allah loves and follow the Sunnah and straight path of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH this helps a person to do halal deeds which leads to attain Allah’s grace, blessings and love. Whereas if a person will not follow the first two principles it will lead to the creation of an evil person who does bad deeds and we only get Allah’s wrath and anger.Virtue of Surah e Fatiha:There are many virtues of Surah e Fatiha such asIbn ‘Abbas narrated:†While Jibril was with the Messenger of Allah, he heard a noise from above. Jibril lifted his sight to the sky and said: â€Å"This is a door in the Heavens being opened, and it has never been opened before now.† An Angel descended from that door and came to the Prophet and said: â€Å"Receive the glad tidings of two lights that you have been given, which no other Prophet before you was given The Opening of the Book (Al Fatiha) and the last verses of ‘al-Baqarah.’ You will not read a letter of them except that you will gain its benefit.† (Sahih Muslim).B) Impact of Surah e Fatiha On the Life of Muslim:There are many impact of surah e fatiha on the life of a Muslim. It is a blessing and holds a great position in the heart of every Muslim. By accepting every single word of it a person submits himself to Allah and because of submission of a person to Allah SWT we shape our lives in every manner possible. We recite surah e fatiha 17 times a day and without it our prayer remains incomplete. It helps us solve all our problems in daily life and connect us to Allah. It creates a mentality in the believer that the road to every moment of happiness and contentment. Every word of each verse nurture a sense of gratitude for the losses, hardships, and disappointments we face in life, by realizing that Allah offers us an opportunity to gain nearness to Him and forgiveness and rewards through patience during such events in life.C) Tafseer of Surah e Fatiha:The first verse:The first ayat of Surah Fatiha is: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Most Merciful. It is known as bismillah. It is good and necessary to recite before every action. The Meaning of al-Rahman and al-Raheem:Both these names are derived from the same root letters: raa,haa, meem; which means to have mercy. They both similar in meaning and both are connected to Allah. The fact that Allah and mention of two of His Names which have to do with Mercy, rather than Might and Power, to show just how important this is. The difference between al-Rahman and al-Raheem is that al-Rahman refers to Allah mercy to all of creation. It is His mercy which is extended to everything that exists.Al-Raheem refers to Allah’s mercy which is specific for the believers. It indicates the doing of actionsThe second verse:The second ayat is: All praise be to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds. The word hamd means praise and thankfulness. The meaning of hamd, is the same as shukr. Hamd is something which must be done with love and affection, but shukr does not need this. Shukr is done in response to a favour which is done to a person but hamd is done simply because the one being praised and thanked. The Meaning of Rabb and Aalameen: Rabb is usually means and translate as Lord but it is much more. The Rabb is the creator, the king, the master and the one who controls everything in this universe. It comes from the root letters raa, baa which means to have control over everything. Aalameen means everything which exists other than Allah that is mankind, jinn, angels, and devils. In short, all those things which have souls. The third verse:The third ayat is: The Beneficent, The Most Merciful. The explanation of these two names has already been given. Why is it repeated? This is to once again emphasize the importance of the mercy. Also, when something is repeated in the Quran, then you should look at the ayat before it and after it, to see how they are related. In this case, the previous ayah mentioned that Allah is the Rabb of all the worlds. So, repeating the words, al-Rahman and al-Raheem after that, shows us that being the Rabb He provides us mercy.The fourth verse:The fourth ayat is: The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense.The Meaning of Maalik. Maalik means master and refers to â€Å"milk† that is the ownership of something whereas Malik means king, and it refers to â€Å"mulk† that is the dominion of a person. God is the Lord of the Day of Judgement. He will judge us He is powerful, that on the Day of Judgement no one will have the power either to resist the enforcement of punishments that He decrees or to prevent anyone from receiving the rewards that he decides to bestow. Hence, we should not forget that our ultimate happiness or misery rests completely with Him. The fifth verse:The fifth ayat is: You (alone) we worship and You (alone) we ask for help. Now we are addressing Allah. Worship means to obey, it means to submit yourself before Allah and to His Will. The ayah tells us that lordship and worship is due to Him. â€Å"Iyyaaka nasta’een† means we seek help, support and success. Usually, in most sentences the verb comes first and then the object but here the object of the verb is mentioned first and then the verb so to attach importance to it, to Allah refers the status of the slave and his worship which is lower so it will come after mentioning the Lord, Allah. The sixth verse:The sixth ayat is: Guide us on the Straight Path. This ayah is a dua which we make to show us the straight path and to guide us on it, so that we will get guidance and get closer to Him. We must prevent ourselves from doing bad deeds so that it doesn’t draw us far away from Allah The Meaning of Siraat and Mustaqeem: Siraat is a road or a path. The ways to fulfil a siraat is tareeq or sabeel which also mean a road. The conditions are that it must be straight,reach the goal, it must be the shortest route to get there, must also be wide and spacious enough for everyone who wants to travel it. Mustaqeem is derived from the word istaqaama, which means to be straight, upright.The adjective of mustaqeem is to emphasize again the straightness of this path. The seventh and final verse:The seventh ayat is:The path of those you have blessed, not of those with anger on them, nor of those who are astray. So, the favoured and blessed people are the Prophets, the martyrs and the pious. And who are the people with anger on them and those who are astray? This is explained by the Prophet. ‘Adi ibn Hatim (RA) asked him about those with anger on them and he replied that it refers to the Jews. He then asked him about those who are astray and he replied that it refers to the Christians. This is reported by al-Tirmidhi and is authentic. How to cite The Opening, Papers

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Identify a hypothetical's Business opportunity that if you had the funds, time and drive you would pursue as a business start-up. Provide a brief description of your organisation: its size, the industry and country/countries in which it will operate, the strategy and vision that it will adopt. 2.Provide an overview of the contextual factor and assess how you would utilise it to enhance the business practice of your organisation or business. Answers: Introduction The purpose of this essay is the identification of a hypothetical or an imaginary business opportunity that if I were given the funds time and drive me would pursue as a business start-up. In this case, it is important to be very creative and considerate of the existing market system(Furman, 2017). One ought to consider the current businesses in the field of venture and the geographical area of the establishment. Again, it is important to know a number of people the business is expected to serve, nature of the market as well as the existing market gap market gap. After this long process of consideration, if I were given funds, time and drive I would venture in putting up a chicken slaughter. This is one of the businesses that will win the attention of prospective customers because most of the people in Africa have been used to having goat and cattle butcheries. This is, of course, an idea that I believe has the potential to become a business for me to own and grow. About the organization When it comes to business organization, the size of the proposed business is very important. As mentioned earlier, I would want to start a business that would specialize in the sale of chicken meat. This, of course, won't be a small business because it wont be meant for trial. In this case, I would want to establish a very big business that would involve both the sale of fresh chicken as well as canned meat. This would be one of the biggest investments in Africa. It would be a business that covers both sellers from the national up to international level. Chicken selling, of course, will be a company. There are also other companies that deal with similar products as mine(Bhagavatula, 2017). These companies together with mine will form an industry. Therefore, my business will be one among several companies constituting the meat production industry. Again, I wouldnt specialize in only the local market. Since chicken and cattle slaughtering is more common in African than European countries, I would base my company in South Africa. This company will serve both local and international market. Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia, DRC Congo, Kenya, among other countries are other countries that will be served by this company. Again, this company would also consider starting an export strategy where countries that are outside Africa with also get this meat. This, of course, would be one of the greatest ideas to venture in. Business strategy is also another crucial aspect of a business. This is because it provides the basis for implementing the formulated ideas for the purpose of reaching the long-term business objectives. Now, this business would have a well laid out business management that will make decisions, formulate and implement ideas necessary for achieving the business goals, the main goal being profit making. Again, every business usually has its own vision. This is what keeps it moving and shapes the future of the business(Weeger, 2015). The mission of my business would be to be the leading supplier of chicken meat worldwide and being committed to offering the best to my esteemed customers. Business organizational structure Every business, whether large or small operateswithin a well-defined organizational structure(Gao, 2017). This is very important because it leads to efficient and effective work process flow. There are a number of business organization structures which are defined by the board and senior leadership. These structures include the matrix organizational structure, functional organizational structure, product organizational structure, customer organizational structure, geographical organizational structure among other structures. In my business, the most suitable structure is the geographical organizational structure. This is a business structure that is organized by regions because it covers a span of geographic regions. This is a very important structure because it helps to support logistical demands and differences in geographic customer needs. This is a structure used by the business that goes beyond a city or a state limit and has customers in multiple countries. This structure isorganized in such a manner that geographical regions report up to a central oversight person. This structure best fits my business idea because it will serve customers from almost parts of the world. There will be officials in every country that is to be served and who will be reporting to a central oversight person in South Africa and this will ease the monitoring of the business. Business environment and their effects Business environment refers to those factors that will affect the business whether internally or externally. These are the micro and the macro business environment. Micro business environment refers to those factors that affect the business from within the business itself (Roma, 2017). Ownersstart the business and provide finance for the business upkeep. These factors affect the business either positively or negatively. I, being the owner would ensure that I organize the business well and provide enough finance for it to thrive well. The business structure is another key thing. This means activities that are carried out at various levels of the organization so that the business objective may be achieved. The poor business structure will affect the business performance while a perfect one with promoting its performance. Resources are yet another business environmental factor. These are the factors of production. We have physical resources, technological, human and financial resources. A business that has inadequate of these factors will definitely fail. Availability ofadequate human resource, production technology, finance and physical resources like the chicken will lead to a business success. Another factor is business culture. This is a very important factor. If the initiator of a business has a bad business culture the business he or she intends to start will fail. However, if one has a good culture the business succeeds. There are also other external factors. For instance, if there is an increased population in the country of investment, sales go high while a decrease would mean fewer sales. Legal-political is still another factor. If my business is allowed by the government of the countries I intend to operate in it will succeed. If it is not allowed then it will be a business failure. Another factor is the economy. If customers are able to purchase my meat my business will succeed(Quarati, 2016). If they are not able my business will fail. Another one is competition. If I am able to compete favorably with the other companies my business will be a success and if I will not be in a position to do that then my business will fail. Another important factor is culture. Of course, I won't intend to sell my chicken in countries or societies that dont eat chicken because of culture. Culture will dictate the places that I will be able to operate in. Risks that will confront the business Every business that is set usually has risks or threats that might affect it. I would specialize in the field of supplying chicken meat to the customers and of course, this business has several risks.These risks include strategic risks. For example, the previous well-laid structure or plan may seem out-dated or proof non-functional. Another risk would be compliance risk. Even though I might at first comply with the legal requirements as at that particular time, sometimes these requirements change with time. It might now be difficult to comply with them. The operational risk would be another peril. These are the unexpected failures in the company in the day to day running which might be caused by a number of things like power outage that really cause big losses(Costa, 2016). Reputational risk is another threat. If by any change my business loses reputation at one point, my sales volume would go low. Another risk would be a financial risk. If for example my biggest percentage of revenu e came from a particular customer and I extend credit period to him my solid cash would go too low. Business practices that will enhance organizational performance There are a number of business practices that I would perform to enhance the organizational performance of any business. For example, I would ensure that I get the best team. Getting the best team ranging from the least to the highest rank in the organizational structure will enhance its performance. I would also ensure that there is good communication and understanding among all the people. Communication is one very important thing. If there is the understanding among all the people involved in the business then it will run well. Engaging all people is another practice. This is another important practice. Engaging people will make them feel as being part and parcel of the company and this improves performance. Identification and removal of internal roadblocks will be another practice. This would involve looking for indicators of misalignment e.g. whether policies and work procedures help the people get the right things are done quickly(Lu, 2016). The motivation of the workers will also help improve performance. When they are motivated they feel acknowledged and appreciated and hence perform better. Functions within my business organization and how they relate to the business performance Any business organization will have different functions or department. These serve different functions towards achieving the business objective. In my business, the most important functions will be the production, research and development, purchasing, marketing, human resource management and the accounting and finance department. The production function will deal with matters concerning the slaughtering of the chicken and the canning. The research and management function will conduct research about the market and the performance of the business. The purchasing department will deal with purchases. The marketing function will be responsible for advertising and selling of the products. The human resource function, on the other hand, deals with the acquisition and management of employees. Finally, the accounting and finance department will deal with matters concerning cash inflow and outflow. These functions actually rate to the business performance(Carayannis, 2016). If every function i s responsible enough to perform its duty as expected, then the business performance will be high. In a case where there is a failure of a certain department or several of them, the business will perform poorly. 2.Contextual factor and how I would utilize it to enhance the business practice of my business Contextual factors are factors which reflect a particular context, characteristics unique to a particular group, society, community or even region. The factors affect business operations in many ways and also affect how and when the business objective will be achieved. They would too influence the business practice of any business. In cases where they are poorly utilized, the business practice will be influenced negatively(Saebi, 2016). However, if these factors are used well in their context, they will enhance the business practice. Innovation and how it can be used to enhance the business practice Innovation, on its own, refers to metamorphosis. This means the introduction of a new idea, method or device. It also means the application of better solutions or ideas that are in a position to meet unarticulated needs, new requirements or existing market needs. In the business context, however, innovation means the introduction of a new business idea that is able to close a market gap that is already existing or even better the business market by the provision of new or better commodities to the market.Innovation in business makes one produce or provide the best in the market. A producer who is innovative enough will be in a position to come up with the best business opportunity that will thrive well in the market and also be in a position to compete favorably in the competitive market. There are a number of ways that a business can use innovation to enhance business performance. Providing a conducive business environment is one of these ways that innovation will enhance business practice. Every business is aimed at operating smoothly without unnecessary interruption(Brown, 2015). In cases where there is innovation, the business owner can be creative enough to come up with ways of managing the business without problems. One of the business practices is getting the best team. In this case, the owner should be innovative enough to be in a position to acquire the best team that that will manage all the business activities well. Another business practice is the observation of business acumen. It is very important to ensure that high moral standards and virtues are observed in a business. Different people have different approaches to how this can be achieved. To be able to successfully adhere to this acumen, one ought to be innovative enough to devise new and favorable methods of achieving it. In this case, innovation will have helped in the enhancement of business practices. It is not obvious that people within the organization automatically adhere to the set moral values. It is therefore important to ensure that good method are devisedto ensure that these values are adhered to. Good customer relation is still another business practice. This means having good social cohesion and cooperation between the business and the clients. This relationship offers the best environment for the business to take place. When customers feel acknowledged and appreciated, enabling environment is created. Innovation can be used to enhance this structure. Good innovative methods can be introduced to ensure that there is a healthy relationship between the business and the market. This is one factor that will actually improve sales hence increasing profits. Another useful business practice is teamwork. This takes care of all the activities that run among the business officials from the highest to the lowest rank. A business that works together is likely to achieve its objectives easier and earlier than a business that works without harmony.Once the officials fight amongst themselves, there is obviously no progress that will take place. It is therefore important to be innovative enough to come up with ways that that will make all the business staff work together. The owner should be in a position to generate new and fresher ideas that will see the business operating as one family and one person. This is because all the officials of having a role to play in the smooth running of the business. An overview of entrepreneurship and how it will be utilized to enhance business structure This is actually a broad term. It means the process of identifying a business opportunity and acquisition of the necessary resources to start and run a business smoothly. This involves the process from the identification of the business opportunity to the point starting the business and continues to the point of business operations. The owner is the business entrepreneur and the overall boss of the business. This means that he is responsible for all activities that take place in the business ventured in. There are several ways that entrepreneurship can be utilized to enhance business practice. For instance, the entrepreneur is the owner of the business. This means that he is responsible for developing academic and business plans. The art of the entrepreneur developing good plans is one way of utilizing entrepreneurship to enhance business practices. Good planning will obviously lead to better business performance. The entrepreneur is responsible for starting the business. He therefore clearly defines areas of responsibility. This means that he assigns responsibilities and gives authority to deal with organizations goals, operating functions, objectives and regulatory requirements. To enhance this practice, the role of entrepreneurship would be the proper allocation of powers to ensure that the organization runs smoothly. Through entrepreneurship also, performance objectives are established. This involves specification of the required level of competence for qualification to a particular job. This is a major function of the entrepreneur. The initiator of the business should come up with regulations and minimum requirements to acquire a particular job. Another function of the entrepreneur is to manage the business. This means that he or she has the capacity of establishing open communication channels which facilitate the flow of information across all the activities and those who need the information. This makes the business manageable. Communication is one key factor that unites people and brings about social cohesion. In order to enhance this business practice, the owner has to establish proper communication channels that facilitate the running of the business(McLuskie, 2017). Another business practice is the provision of training. In this practice, the entrepreneur has to be responsible for acquiring all the resources that are needed to facilitate the this training The business entrepreneur is also responsible for the provision of resources necessary to run the business. These include water, electricity, and security among others. Another business practice is the provision of security and protecting the premises assets. It is the role of the entrepreneur therefore to provide this protection(Mueller, 2017). This is a very critical practice. In cases where there is low or, no security businesses will not do well. This is because customers will not delight in shopping in areas where their life is on the threat. It is possible that the customers will escape from these insecure areas and opt for areas where there is adequate security. This is how the entrepreneur will enhance business practices improving the business performance. Proper record keeping is yet another business practice. This depends on the strategies formulated in entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur is responsible for making sure that there is proper record keeping of all the activities that take place in the business. Again, the cash inflow and outflow should be well recorded in the appropriate ledgers for easy auditing and accountability. To enhance this business practice and promote transparency in the business, the owner of the business should ensure that the financial function is working properly and is provided with all the resources to ensure that there is a smooth flow of the business. Conclusion Conclusively, in the event of identifying the business opportunity to venture in one must carry out adequate research and consider the current market systems. Again, one has to be aware that there are both internal and external factors that affect the business. One has, therefore, the responsibility of ensuring that he or she meets what ought to be met and innovatively derives mechanisms of dealing with these factors. It is also important to know that some contextual factors such as innovation and entrepreneurship can be utilized to enhance business practices.Businesses that have good business practices and support from the entrepreneur run well and easier than those with poor structures and poor management. References Bhagavatula, S. M. (2017, May). Management and Organization Review Special Issue The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in India. Management and Organization Review, pp. 208-213. Brown, A. A. (2015). Impact of the macro and micro economic environment on business strategy. A case study on Lonmin Platinum(Doctoral dissertation)., pp. 204-230. Carayannis, E. G. (2016). Innovation and entrepreneurship. Springer International Pu, pp. 76-80. Christensen, C. M. (2017). How Will You Measure Your Life? (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Review Press, pp. 230-240. Costa, S. F. (2016). The role of different opportunities in the activation and use of the business opportunity prototype. Creativity and innovation management, pp. 59-73. Furman, J. G. (2017, Feb). Introduction: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Platforms. Advances in Strategic Management. Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Platforms, pp. 213,250. Gao, Y. S. (2017). Managerial ties and product innovation. Managerial ties and product innovation, pp. 170-180. Lu, J. H. (2016, February). Depth of Intercultural Relationships Predicts Creativity, Workplace Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. In Academy of Management Proceedings, pp. 90-97. McLuskie, P. . (2017). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, pp. 157-170. Mueller, B. A. (2017, January). Making the most of failure experiences. Exploring the relationship between business failure and the identification of business opportunities, pp. 50-62. Quarati, A. C. (2016). Delivering cloud services with QoS requirements. Business opportunities, architectural solutions and energy-saving aspects, pp. 399-420. Roma, P. G. (2017). Progress of and Prospects for Hypothetical Purchase Task Questionnaires in Consumer Behavior Analysis and Public Policy. The Behavior Analyst, pp. 2-18. Saebi, T. L. (2016). What drives business model adaptation? The impact of opportunities, threats and strategic orientation. Long Range Planning, pp. 300-312. Weeger, A. W. (2015). IT consumerization: BYOD-program acceptance and its impact on employer attractiveness. Journal of Computer Information Systems, pp. 2-7.

The Organization Structure of Training2Work

Religious Studies Marcel Mauss Theory of Magic

Religious Studies Marcel Mauss Theory of Magic Unlike other earlier scholars who had treated the practice of magic as a psychological phenomenon, Mauss postulated that the practice of magic had an origin in the social organization of the society. Mauss’ work is of great interest to anthropologists because of the approach that he had followed in coming up with the general theory of magic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Studies: Marcel Mauss Theory of Magic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Here, Mauss tried to establish a social pattern that contributed to the practice of magic by studying different societies. Among the most common practices in the Christian fraternity, which, for the purpose of this paper, can be classified as magical, one could mention the practice of speaking in tongues. In this paper, I will explore how the practice of speaking in tongues is integrated with magical aspects as proposed by Mauss. A number of elements that are in cluded in magic practices can (at least to some extent) be associated with the practice of speaking in tongues. If preachers can be classified as magicians because of their role in initiating the speaking of tongues on their followers. So, for the purpose of this paper, they can be considered as magicians. Does the practice of speaking in tongues involve some rituals? Before they can speak in tongues, a congregation of followers is usually taught the concept of the Holy Spirit from the Bible. Consequently, believers are encouraged to accept the Bible’s teachings on the gift of the Holy Spirit (who is responsible for the phenomenon of speaking in tongues). It is, therefore, difficult to place such a process on the same line as a ritualistic process. Do Christians use magical words to cast a spell of speaking in tongues? There are no specific words that must be used to catalyze/start the process of speaking in tongues among Christians. What is required for believers to speak in tongues is a belief in the Bible teachings about the Holy Spirit, after which they can ask God to give them the power to speak in tongues through prayers. Christians do not believe that they have to follow a specific pattern to be able to speak in tongues. Still, there is some loose and general procedure that is followed. Can the practice of speaking in tongues be considered as a social phenomenon? First, as Mauss might have correctly argued, Christianity is an institution that pre-exists a believer. One is born to find Christianity beliefs already in place. Hence, he/she does not design a new belief system on his/her own. Likewise, teachings on the practice of speaking in tongues have existed for many centuries. As Mauss might have correctly implied, Christian believers were usually â€Å"pressurized upon† and expected to start speaking in tongues during meetings that focused on the aspect of speaking in tongues. Thus, since the practice of speaking in tongues does not sole ly depend on an individual’s effort, it can be considered as a social phenomenon.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, although the general Christian beliefs, including the practice of speaking in tongues are based on a belief in a supernatural force, Christians do not believe that this supernatural force is alienated from humanity, and that they can dwell in objects (although they can live in humans). As it was noted by Mauss, the principle of mana did not apply equally here. So, multiple aspects that are present in the practice of speaking in tongues can relate (even if to a limited extent) to some of Mauss’ propositions on the practice of magic. However, due to some marked differences between Mauss’ propositions and what Christians believe and do, it is difficult to define the act of speaking in tongues as a magical practice in terms of M auss’ theory on Magic.

FACILITIES, STADIA AND THE ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FACILITIES, STADIA AND THE ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example Expansion of the existing stadium of the Arsenal club was not possible because of the space crunch. Due to this there was a loss of total revenue. Hence construction of a much larger stadium was extremely required. Since Islington was very close to Highbury, Arsenal decided to move on to this location, which could afford around 60, 400 seats. The club had to first buy different lands to relocate Islington Council's recycling plant and Royal Mail Holloway Delivery Office earlier situated in the chosen location (Islington). This was a very expensive move for the club. The Emirates Airlines has signed a 100m sponsorship deal with the club. This is the reason why the stadium has been named Emirates Stadium. The name of the stadium will remain the same for at least 15 years because of this sponsorship. The club had arranged for loan from the stadium facilities banking group. The group consists of the biggest names of the banking sector of UK. One of the reasons why the club chose to build the stadium in this location is that it is geographically well located. A number of London Underground stations are within easy reach of the stadium. Holloway Road tube station is very close to the southern part of the stadium whereas the Arsenal Tube Station is situated close to the northern part of the stadium. ... location's geographic importance was most attractive for them because it was in an area with which the club has been associated since the past 91 years. So there was an emotional attachment to Islington, which worked in its favour. Arsenal's reputation is of having world's best playing surface. Islington's land statistics were attractive which was yet another geographic reason for choosing this area for the reputed stadium. Emirates - a multiple purpose stadium Apart from sports the Emirates Stadium is also involved in various other activities like organizing different top-level meetings, forums, seminars, conferences etc. at the stadium premises. The stadium has the planning permission to organise several single day events and up to 3 musical concerts in its premises. Government Policy The UK government's regeneration policies have changed the face of London. The construction of the Emirates Stadium can be related to these policies of the government. All efforts have been made to carry forward the regeneration work in accordance to the policies set by the government. Sports have always been a favourite activity of the people of United Kingdom. In comparison to all the sports, football (soccer) is the most popular game among the people of UK. The government policies are always directed to promote this game. The government's support in this project is an example of its pro sports policies. With the present government and its policies there is no doubt about the fact that sports will prosper even more in London. The construction of the Emirates Stadium is a fresh example of this. The stadium has been announced - no smoking zone, in the light of the no smoking policy in public places of the government of Great Britain. Through this the people are not allowed to

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Personal Statement - Essay Example My interest in law stems from the fact the law seems to be a living, breathing, and ever evolving part of human life and our ever changing society. Laws of the past often get amended and rewritten in order to fit better into the needs of the new generation. Such examples can be seen in the way that our laws have changed pertaining to immigration, capital punishment, and even medical law related concerns. I saw these examples come to life as I participated in the Global Youth Leader Conference in the US. Cases such as the hugely controversial MegaUpload shutdown have gotten me to thinking about how our international laws become muddled by the advent of the internet and country laws are no longer limited to simply their home country for enforcement. This is a judicial controversy that I have frowned upon for some time now as I believe it shows the lack of respect on the part of international law enforcement for the individuals who are citizens of autonomous countries. Aside from an interest in technology related judicial questions, I am also quite interested in fighting for the human rights of those who cannot speak for themselves. People such as Terri Schiavo have served as an inspiration to me in terms of the legal question of the right to die. She had lived a long, but suffering life filled with artificial methods of prolonging life while our judicial system played God and decided who had the right to order her death or if that was the proper action to take. The legal questions within the 11 court cases pertaining to the aforementioned case has always fascinated me and I have always wanted to have an opportunity to study the case on a more scrutinized basis and hopefully, help to repeal â€Å"Terris Law† as it allows the government too much power to decide in what should always remain a personal, family matter. Throughout my life, my legal mind has been influenced by the work

Individual Team And Organisational Objectives Management Essay

Individual Team And Organisational Objectives Management Essay Performance objectives can be defined as a goal that describes something that has to be accomplished within a given period of time. In other words, performance objectives express the direction and level of achievement expected from the organisation as a whole and, at lower levels, from the individual parts, team part, sections and departments which make up the organisation. http://www.exponentialtraining.com. The writer will be using his care company called Extra Mile Care Company as an illustration on how a performance objective applies to his organisation. The nature of the job description of the organisation is domiciliary care which means we help people who want to remain at the comfort of their beloved homes but are unable manage on their own, to achieve their daily task such as personal care. 1.1 Explain The Links Between Individual, Team And Organisational Objectives. As Carlos (1999) stated, the link between individual, team and organisational objectives is an agreed contract to achieve a common goal within a specific period of time. And as a matter of fact, the link between individual, team and organisation objectives simply describes the overall objectives which the team and the organisation aimed to achieve on either a short term period or long term period. At Extra mile, individual, team and organisation objective is to provide best care service to those who need their service in the community and to be the best care company in the country by 2013 and by achieving this, the other objectives such as giving their best care training quality also have to be met. And for this reason, the organisation strategic creates an effective link between individual, team and the organisation objectives so that the effort of both individual and team and the organisation can aligned with the organisation overall business plan. Extra mile organisation objectives S Specific Objective is specific because the company specialised in caring. M Measurable because the company have a group of people that needs the service. A Achievable Team objectives are achieved with a precise period of time R Realistic Our clients relied on Extra mile carers in looking after them or relatives. T- Time specific The Company have a time limit of when the objective should be achieved. 1.2 Identify The Selection Of, And Agree, Individual And Team Objectives According to Ryan (2007), in other to accomplish explicit and valuable results, there must be a need for a proper selection of individual and team for objectives in any organisation. Selection of and agree individual and team objectives is a process of selecting a right individual or team to carry out a particular job effectively, so as to achieve the organisation objective. A right individual and team must be accessed through their level of competency, right skills and knowledge, backgrounds, medical reports and so on. At extra mile, selection of, and agree, individual and team objectives is a very crucial task which is normally carried out by HR Manager(s). This is a process of getting a right individual for a right objectives, as well as right team for the right objectives upon agreement. Every staff (both individual and team) of extra mile are equally access, so as to know if they can achieve the organisation objectives. Because of the nature of the organisation objectives, Extra mile identifies the selection of both individual and team through their: Qualifications Experience Age Right skills and knowledge Personal interest for the job Medical history Criminal Records bureau check (CRB) It is the responsibility of managers to make sure that they select right individual or team for the organisation objectives, because failure of right selection of an individual or a team will have a terrible influence on the companys objectives. 1.3 Identify And Agree Areas Of Individual And Team Responsibility In Achieving Objectives Dewaker (2008), suggested that individual and team are required to first of all understand the basic objectives of the organisation for which they are working and the manager is required to define the better details of the job or task to his staff so that he may be able to relate his contribution towards achieving the overall objective of the organisation. Identifying areas of individual and team responsibilities in achieving objectives is mostly carried out by the team leader or the manager; this is a process of knowing the responsibilities of individual and team in achieving objectives. At Extra mile Care Company, the basic responsibilities of their staffs both individual and a team in achieving objectives are outlined by the manager or in the staff contract letter. Responsibilities of carers at extra mile care company for their clients are: Personal care, which includes washing, bathing, showering, assistance with dressing/ undressing, toileting, etc. Assistance with medication. Shopping. Preparing and cooking meals and snacks. Laundry. Health hygiene cleaning. Community access. Emotional support. This will become the individual or team responsibilities, only if they agree to carry out the responsibility. 1.4 Identify the need to create an environment of trust and support with others Fisher (2006) suggested that managers who build trust within their team are more likely to create an environment of openness where people feel good about themselves and others. Trusted colleagues helps people to accomplish their work, and people work better if they are treated with respect, support trust and honesty by those they work for. At extra mile, the manager realised the importance of creating an environment of trust and support with others because it helps in many ways such as: Cooperation between individual and team Increase in loyalty and commitment from those they manage Increase in number of good working relationships Decrease the number of difficulty relationship by converting them to neutral. Ashok (2010) also stated that low trust environment people suffer as they cannot work to the full potential due to lack of support from others which puts hurdles on growth, coexistence and co-operation. 2.1 Evaluate and assess individual and team performance against objectives According to Cristina et al (2003); it is a basic fundamental of any organisation is to design how to evaluate and access performance of both team and individual member, and the assessment should be focus on the team and individual outcome. At extra mile, evaluation is undertaken to: Set performance objectives Assess past performance Help improve current performance Assesses training and development needs Established channel of communication Facilitate review of employees Develop human relation skills of the assessors. Extra mile evaluate and assess their staff and team performance against objectives by the outcome of their performance and the organisation mainly does this evaluation so as to know whether or not the individual is meeting up the companys objectives. And in process the term of quantity, time and cost of employee is also measured. Also its a systematically evaluation of individual and team employees job-related strengths and weaknesses to a set of pre-defined organisational standards. Generally Organisation assesses team outcomes like quality, quantity, creativity cost, and timeliness of the team deliverable. 2.2 Identify methods of providing feedback to individuals and teams on performance Williams and Curtis (2005) stated that, regular feedback based on objectives assessments of performance need to be given. Feedback is a discussion between people which reveals back how another person sees someone elses behaviour or performance. At Extra mile, given feedback is part of an assessments and about behaviour or an activity which highlight something well done or offering suggestion about how to do something better, and it is an important role that has to be carried out by the manager(s) and the reason for carrying out feedback is to ensure that staffs are satisfied with their objectives and to see how the individual or team performs in their objectives, also to check if there is anything that has to be improved in the organisation Methods of providing feedback at extra mile are in following ways: Self-assessment Verbal feedback to individuals Verbal feedback to team One-on-one feedback Feedback on behaviour Feedback on information Feedback on performance Feedback is a critical for extra mile Care Company because of the nature of the job, so as to learn how to improve their performance and suggestion on what to do in improving the staff performance in achieving their objectives should be discuss during the feedback. 2.3 Identify the causes of conflict, and describe strategies to minimise or prevent conflict According to Harris et al (2001), when conflicts arises, managers and supervisors who are in a position to influence and affect the attitudes and actions of those in disagreement may find it helpful to identify the causes and feelings of the parties involved. At extra mile conflict sometimes arise between colleagues, competitors and even clients. And once this occur, the manage will first of all identify the cause of that conflict and then find solution the that conflict if in any case is beyond what he can do then he will seek the advice of those are superior to him/her. The identified causes of conflict that has occurred in the organisation are: Lack of trust Different personal values Lack of participation Lack of resources Not achieving objectives Strategies to minimise or prevent conflicts Effective communication Participation in decision-making Team building Provision of flexibility Strategies to minimise conflict should be design in other to prevent, minimise and resolve conflict in the institution that will result in effectiveness and efficiency at individual and institutional level. Gupta (2007) 2.4 Explain recording systems for performance assessment for individuals or teams According to() Recording system for performance assessment is a prominent personality in field of human resources, it is a document in an organisation that serves as evidence of an activity of transaction formed by the organisation. Recording system at extra mile is a systematic, periodic and impartial record of an individual or teams activities in the matters pertaining to their present job. Processes of recording system at extra mile are: A content analysis- describe content in the organisation that needs recording A file plan- indicate where record are to be kept and how long to keep the records A compliance requirements document- rules that organisation must follow Process for holding records- needed when event such as litigations occurs Unmanaged recording system makes the performance of duties more difficult, costs organisations time, money and resources. 3.1 Explain a performance improvement cycle Performance improvement cycle is a process that design, measure, assess and improve performance of organisation strategies. And the ultimate goal is to allow the organisation to meet its goals. Joint commission recourses (2001). Performance improvement circle is an integral part of Extra Mile Care Company, and the company has determined to continuously improve their performance and demonstrate the quality of their service. These are process of improvement circle at extra mile namely: Design this is a stage that requires identifying the main aim of the organisation and for the process and design that allows it to achieve its objectives Measure- this is a stage provides a process on how well the organisation has achieved their aims. Assess this is a process where the company set their priority on what has to be achieved, and the assessment opportunity enables the organisation to rank priorities Improve- improvement actions are based on the results of measurement and assessment, at this stage the company would have known the areas thats they need to improve and implement specific innovations, which involves redesigning the process. Effective management of individual performance rests on managing the performance cycle. 3.2 Discuss the indicators of poor performance According to DuBrin (2008), poor performance is an ineffective job performance that does not meet the required standards for achieving the organisation objectives. Ineffective performers lower the growth of organisational objectives directly by not accomplishing their fair share of work, by so doing it lowers the organisation productivity and for this reason it is very important to deal with issues of poor performance in the organisation. At extra mile Care Company, consequences of poor performance are enormous and the HR manager ensures that they effectively manage the staffs to the required standard of the organisation. Indicators of poor performance are: Employee- Insufficient mental ability and education, Insufficient job knowledge, Low motivation, Excessive absenteeism and tiredness, Alcoholism and drug addiction Lateness Manager- Inadequate communication about job responsibility, Inadequate feedback, Negative and untrusting attitude, Bullying. Organisation- Organisation culture that tolerates poor performance, Intentional threat to job security, Reduce productivity Changes in policies without staff consultation Effective methods to deter underperformance For any organisation to handle poor performance successfully, certain factors have to be considered such as: The manager(s) has to be confident and competent to tackle underperformance There must be a clear communication between managers and staff Mutual trust Effective performance management systems Organisational culture that encourages employee involvement Joint objective setting Good staff development practices Poor performance is legally defined as when an employees behaviour or performance might fall below the required standard 3.3 Evaluate methods that support performance improvement Performance improvement is a way of analysing performance problem and finding a means to ensure good performance. The methods of improving performance of staffs at extra mile is by improving their performance in achieving objectives in areas that the individual or team are not meeting up with their goals, and also appraising and rewarding individuals for job well done. Methods that support extra mile care companys staffs are as follow: Training- we give our staffs the best training so as to perform to the best of their ability when carrying out their jobs Motivating- we motivate our staffs so that they can feel the sense of belonging to the organisation, and also encourage them and acknowledge the work they have done. Rewards- it is our culture to reward any staff that carry out his or her duties effectively every month, and we do this so as to encourage others to perform better. Job security- we try as much as possible to keep our staffs who are willing to stay in their job and we also provide them with benefit such as sick pay, holiday pay and so on. Salary- we increase salary of our staff that are with the company for a number of year and we make sure sire that our staffs receive the best salary among other competitors. These are methods in which we support the performance of our staffs. However we make sure the cost of the training is justified by the improvements in productivity and performance its likely to bring. 4.1 Discuss the organisations disciplinary and grievance procedures Disciplinary and grievance procedures are basis which provides clear and transparent ways for dealing with difficulties which may arise as part of working relationship from either employers or employees perspectives. (http://www.cipd.co.uk) At extra mile care company, organisations disciplinary and grievance procedure is a set of standards of performance and conduct reinforced by company rules. The reason for Disciplinary and grievance procedures is to ensure that every staff of EMCC is treated the same way in the similar circumstance, and also to make sure that issues are dealt with fairly and reasonably. Reasons why disciplinary procedures are needed at emcc are as follows: Employer know what action to take when there is a problem with employee To enable staffs to make appropriate decision Solving matters without ending up in tribunals if minor. To enable employer and employee agree to suitable goals Set as a set of rule that governs the behavior of both emcc and its staffs Reasons why grievance procedures are needed at extra mile are: To provide the staffs the cause of action if they have complaint Solving matters without ending up in tribunals Creates a point of contact to resolve issues Gives employee what action to take if a dispute cannot be solved informally. Disciplinary and grievances are rules and procedures help to promote orderly employment relations as well as fairness and consistency in the treatment of individuals and also provide guideline for adherence to the rules. All this a backed up In a legal document in the UK. 4.2 Identify the role of the manager in both a disciplinary and a grievance procedure The role of managers in both disciplinary and grievance procedure is to implement the disciplinary action when necessary also to make sure that the issue that arise is resolve with involvement of external body such as ACAS. There are several stages where the manager enforces their power in disciplinary and grievance procedures Role of manager in disciplinary procedure at Extra mile care company Managers gives verbal warning if the offence is minor Managers gives written warning for a subsequence minor offense or more serious offence Managers gives final warning for repeated offences or a very serious offence It also the role of manager to dismiss an employee if an employee commits gross misconduct. Role of manager in grievance procedure at extra mile care company Manager investigate the complaint within the department If matter still not resolve, it will be investigated by a more senior manager (if any) Finally if the compliant is beyond the organisation grievances procedure, it may be pursued outside the organisation such as ACAS. 4.3 Summaries the key aspects of legislation that applies to an organizations disciplinary and grievance procedures Legislation that applies to organisation under April 2009 Code of Practice 1, is design to help employers and employee deal with disciplinary and grievances situation in the workplace. 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